Industrial Revolution Birmingham

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matthew boulton


birmingham s explosive industrial expansion started earlier of textile-manufacturing towns of north of england, , driven different factors. instead of economies of scale of low-paid, unskilled workforce producing single bulk commodity such cotton or wool in large, mechanised units of production, birmingham s industrial development built on adaptability , creativity of highly paid workforce strong division of labour, practising broad variety of skilled specialist trades , producing diversifying range of products, in highly entrepreneurial economy of small, self-owned workshops. led exceptional levels of inventiveness: between 1760 , 1850 – core years of industrial revolution – birmingham residents registered on 3 times many patents of other british town or city.


the demand capital feed rapid economic expansion saw birmingham grow major financial centre extensive international connections. lloyds bank founded in town in 1765, , ketley s building society, world s first building society, in 1775. 1800 west midlands had more banking offices per head other region in britain, including london.



the soho manufactory of 1765 – pioneer of factory system , industrial steam engine


innovation in 18th-century birmingham took form of incremental series of small-scale improvements existing products or processes, included major developments lay @ heart of emergence of industrial society. in 1709 birmingham-trained abraham darby moved coalbrookdale in shropshire , built first blast furnace smelt iron ore coke, transforming quality, volume , scale on possible produce cast iron. in 1732 lewis paul , john wyatt invented roller spinning, 1 novel idea of first importance in development of mechanised cotton industry. in 1741 opened world s first cotton mill in birmingham s upper priory. in 1746 john roebuck invented lead chamber process, enabling large-scale manufacture of sulphuric acid, , in 1780 james keir developed process bulk manufacture of alkali, marking birth of modern chemical industry. in 1765 matthew boulton opened soho manufactory, pioneering combination , mechanisation under 1 roof of separate manufacturing activities through system known rational manufacture . largest manufacturing unit in europe come symbolise emergence of factory system.


most significant, however, development in 1776 of industrial steam engine james watt , matthew boulton. freeing first time manufacturing capacity of human society limited availability of hand, water , animal power, arguably pivotal moment of entire industrial revolution , key factor in worldwide increases in productivity follow on following century.








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