Age of elected Kings History of Hungary

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a map of lands ruled louis


after destructive period of interregnum (1301–1308), first angevin king of hungary, charles ( charles great ) restored royal power , defeated oligarchic rivals known little kings . descendant of Árpád dynasty in female line, reigned between 1308 , 1342. new fiscal, customs , monetary policies proved successful.



king charles s last battle against oligarchy, rozgony (1312).


one of primary sources of new king s power wealth derived gold mines of eastern , northern hungary. production reached remarkable figure of 3,000 lb. (1350 kg) of gold annually – one-third of total production of world known, , 5 times as of other european state. charles sealed alliance polish king casimir great. after italy, hungary first european country in renaissance appeared. 1 sign of progressiveness establishment of printing press in buda in 1472 andrás hess, 1 of earliest outside of german lands.


the second hungarian king of angevin line, louis great (r. 1342–1382) extended rule far adriatic sea , occupied kingdom of naples several times. in 1351, golden bull of 1222 completed law of entail. stipulated nobles hereditary lands not taken away , must remain in possession of families. became king of poland (r. 1370–1382). epic hero of hungarian literature , warfare, king s champion miklós toldi, lived during reign. louis had become popular in poland because of campaign against tatars , pagan lithuanians. in 2 successful wars against venice (1357–1358 , 1378–1381), able annex dalmatia, ragusa , further territories on adriatic sea. venice required raise angevin flag in st. mark s square on holy days. retained strong influence in political life of italian peninsula rest of life.


some balkan states (such wallachia, moldova, serbia, , bosnia) became vassals while ottoman turks confronted them ever more often. in 1366 , 1377, louis led successful campaigns against ottomans (such battle of nicapoli in 1366). time of death of casimir great in 1370, king of poland. in cultural affairs, notable establishing university in pécs in 1367.


king louis died without male heir, , after years of anarchy, future holy roman emperor sigismund (r. 1387–1437), prince of luxembourg line, succeeded throne marrying daughter of louis great, mary of hungary. not entirely selfless reasons 1 of leagues of barons helped him power: sigismund had pay support of lords transferring sizeable part of royal properties. years, baron s council governed country in name of holy crown; king imprisoned short time. restoration of authority of central administration took decades.


in 1404, sigismund introduced placetum regnum. according decree, papal bulls , messages not pronounced in hungary without consent of king. sigismund summoned council of constance met between 1414 , 1418 abolish avignon papacy , end western schism of catholic church, resolved election of pope martin v. during long reign, royal castle of buda became largest gothic palace of late middle ages.


after death of sigismund in 1437, son-in-law, albert ii of germany, assumed title king of hungary. died, however, in 1439. first hungarian bible translation completed in 1439 before. half year in 1437, there anti-feudal , anti-clerical peasant revolt in transylvania influenced hussite ideas. (see: budai nagy antal revolt)


from small noble family in transylvania, john hunyadi grew become 1 of country s powerful lords, outstanding capabilities mercenary commander. in 1446, parliament elected him governor (1446–1453), regent (1453–1456). successful crusader against ottoman turks, 1 of greatest victories siege of belgrade in 1456. hunyadi defended city against onslaught of ottoman sultan mehmed ii. during siege, pope callixtus iii ordered bells of every european church rung every day @ noon call believers pray defenders of city. however, in many countries (such england , spanish kingdoms), news of victory arrived before order, , ringing of church bells @ noon transformed commemoration of victory. popes did not withdraw order, , catholic (and older protestant) churches still ring noon bell in christian world day.



john hunyadi – 1 of greatest generals , later regent of hungary








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