Dunsterforce Dunsterforce

-






the dunsterforce parties moved off via zenjan, destinations secret until on way, after fourth group of dunsterforce arrived. after party zenjan arrived sent on 70 mi (110 km) mianeh 100 mi (160 km) tabriz , bijar party pressed on, using track last reported on british intelligence in 1842, arriving on 18 june. ottoman advance further north on baku, opposed 11,000 armenian , bolshevik troops 100 machine-guns , 33 artillery pieces. dunsterville proposed reconnoitre, regardless of reluctance of russian bolshevik government allow british interference. on 12 june, bicherakov cossacks advanced kazvin , defeated jangai @ manjil bridge, reaching bandar-e anzali few days later. bicherakov took ship baku, styled himself bolshevik, appointed commander of red army in caucasus, returned bandar-e anzali. in june, malleson mission, indian army force under general wilfrid malleson, established base east of bandar e-anzali in mashhad, counter german , ottoman encroachments in transcaspia (now turkmenistan).


dunsterville in contact armenian national council in baku , urged marshall in mesopotamia send infantry , artillery marshall refused , in june sent 1,000 infantry promised, 2 companies each of 1st/4th hampshire , 1st/2nd gurkhas, 2 mountain guns of 21st battery , supplies in 500 ford vans; troops took on guarding road resht. war office , war cabinet questioned marshall s judgement , asked dunsterville directly, take control caspian sea , destroy oilfields. dunsterville urged forward policy not sabotage of oil inimical interests of populations trying recruit against ottomans. marshall offered 39th infantry brigade of 13th (western) division , artillery, provided supplied locally. (the brigade detached on 1 july , set off in stages 10 july – 19 august, brigade hq arriving 5 days later.) along training , leadership, dunsterforce occupy baku oil fields, deny oil , local cotton crop germans , ottomans. dunsterforce operate against ottomans in west , hold line batum tiflis, baku , krasnovodsk (on opposite side of caspian sea) afghanistan.


bicherakov , cossacks left baku , replaced british troops @ bandar e-anzali, dunsterville waited news baku of local factions , changes in views british involvement. although dunsterville , british consul @ baku wanted conciliate bolsheviks @ bandar e-anzali, war cabinet wanted him suppress them communication difficult, bolsheviks in control of transmitter @ port. on 25 july 2,500 jangalis attacked british garrison of 300 troops @ resht , repulsed; ten days later, dunsterville gained proof of bolshevik involvement, arrested committee in bandar e-anzali, seized wireless , installed australian signallers. @ baku situation had changed when ottoman advance on oilfields began. bicherakov , cossacks, 4 dunsterforce armoured cars, tried stop advance local troops ran away. on 25 july, bicherakoff, few british officers , 4 dunsterforce armoured cars, staged coup d état in baku. centrocaspian dictatorship installed, bicherakoff appealed british aid , sent ships bandar-e anzali pick first troops. dunsterville sent intelligence officer, lieutenant-colonel c. b. stokes , 44 troops available baku, news brigade , artillery had requested on way.








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Mobility.2C training and insignia Impi

-
zulu warrior in full regimental regalia, carrying large isihlangu war shield. c. 1860. upper body covered in cow tails, kilt of spotted cat, genet or civet skin , shins decorated cowtails. elaborate headdress consists of browband , face-framing flaps of leopard skin band of otter skin above. there multiple ostrich feather plumes , single upright crane s feather. shaka discarded sandals enable warriors run faster. move unpopular, objected killed, practice concentrated minds of remaining personnel. zulu tradition indicates shaka hardened feet of troops having them stamp thorny tree , bush branches flat. shaka drilled troops frequently, implementing forced marches covering more fifty miles day. drilled troops carry out encirclement tactics (see below). such mobility gave zulu significant impact in local region , beyond. upkeep of regimental system , training seems have continued after shaka s death, although zulu defeats boers, , growing encroachment british colonists, sharply curtailed r...
Read more

Expenses controversy Ian Gibson (politician)

-
in may 2009, gibson became embroiled in mps expenses scandal detailed daily telegraph, reported claimed flat in daughter lived rent-free before selling half market value. subsequently, barred standing in next general election disciplinary panel of labour party. believing after panel s decision position untenable , resigned mp (by traditional procedural device of becoming crown steward , bailiff of 3 chiltern hundreds of stoke, desborough , burnham), thereby forcing by-election. resultant by-election won chloe smith, conservative party candidate, majority of 7,348, reversing previous labour majority of 5,459.
Read more

11th century parish church of St Leonard Hythe, Kent

-
st. leonard s church shelf containing skulls in ambulatory below chancel, commonly inaccurately described crypt. the large 11th century church hill; tower @ eastern end destroyed earth tremor in 1739 , restored in 1750. chancel, 1220, covers processional ossuary (a bone store, more commonly found on continent) lined 2,000 skulls , 8,000 thigh bones. date medieval period, having been stored after removal, make way new graves. common in england, bones dispersed, , rare collection. several of skulls show marks of trepanning. 1 of 2 surviving ossuaries in england; other in holy trinity church in rothwell, northamptonshire. other curiosities worth looking for. on pillars on south side of nave medieval graffiti depicting ships. vestry door, on north side of nave, unlocked; open see fine norman doorway. has been suggested this, in late medieval times apparently on outer wall of church, once internal wall, earlier norman church stage higher hill. make existing chapel of st edmund (or north tra...
Read more