History Polish Catholic Church

-


bishop superior wiktor wysoczański



santa spirit (central) cathedral in warsaw



st. mary magdalene cathedral in wrocław



blessed virgin mary, mother of god , queen of apostles cathedral in czestochowa


the polish catholic church, known within poland until 1951 polski narodowy kościół katolicki (pnkk), has origins in final decade of 19th century. during time, polish immigrants in united states, referred polonia, participated in protests of lay people in roman catholic parishes against domination of clergy german , irish origins. parishers demanded insight financial matters of parishes, use of vernacular in liturgy, , appropriate care , treatment of clergy own ethnic group. after unsuccessful presentation of requests vatican in 1898, polish national catholic church formally founded in scranton, pennsylvania, out of number of independent polish parishes. after consecration of reverend franciszek hodur bishop in 1907, newly organized church community became member of union of utrecht of old catholic churches.


after realizing necessity of establishing , maintaining contact poland, bishop hodur worked establish pncc in country. according religious , social precepts of pncc, there obligation serve country of origin, poland. sought independence of native land. church worked maintain tradition among polish immigrants, along defending polish national interests. independence in poland gained in 1918, although missionary work of church impeded due lack of legalization. efforts of church legal recognition unsuccessful until 1939. not until february 1946 church gained legal status on basis of decision of polish ministry of public administration.


after 1945, polish communist authorities not supportive of legalising polish national catholic church because leader, bishop hodur, united states citizen. in 1951, under pressure communist regime, polish diocese of original polish national catholic church declared independent of parent church in united states. partially due arrests of bishop joseph padewski , father edward narbutt-narbuttowicz. in autumn of 1951, church changed name polish catholic church. new leader of church father józef dobrochowski who, in close cooperation father eugeniusz krieglewicz, followed orders of communist authorities. polish government had complete control on church in state authorities appointed , removed bishops, managed church personnel , financed church operations.


the duties of new church included organising masses celebration of anniversary of 1952 polish constitution occurred on july 22, communist holiday not supported roman catholic church, , sending letters of congratulation authorities concerning other anniversaries.


full regulation of church’s legal status occurred after polish parliament, on june 30, 1995, passed bill on mutual relations between state , polish catholic church in republic of poland (dz. u. nr 97, poz. 482). on may 26, 2000, polish catholic church , roman catholic church of poland agreed upon mutual respect , cooperation.







Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Expenses controversy Ian Gibson (politician)

-
in may 2009, gibson became embroiled in mps expenses scandal detailed daily telegraph, reported claimed flat in daughter lived rent-free before selling half market value. subsequently, barred standing in next general election disciplinary panel of labour party. believing after panel s decision position untenable , resigned mp (by traditional procedural device of becoming crown steward , bailiff of 3 chiltern hundreds of stoke, desborough , burnham), thereby forcing by-election. resultant by-election won chloe smith, conservative party candidate, majority of 7,348, reversing previous labour majority of 5,459.
Read more

Mobility.2C training and insignia Impi

-
zulu warrior in full regimental regalia, carrying large isihlangu war shield. c. 1860. upper body covered in cow tails, kilt of spotted cat, genet or civet skin , shins decorated cowtails. elaborate headdress consists of browband , face-framing flaps of leopard skin band of otter skin above. there multiple ostrich feather plumes , single upright crane s feather. shaka discarded sandals enable warriors run faster. move unpopular, objected killed, practice concentrated minds of remaining personnel. zulu tradition indicates shaka hardened feet of troops having them stamp thorny tree , bush branches flat. shaka drilled troops frequently, implementing forced marches covering more fifty miles day. drilled troops carry out encirclement tactics (see below). such mobility gave zulu significant impact in local region , beyond. upkeep of regimental system , training seems have continued after shaka s death, although zulu defeats boers, , growing encroachment british colonists, sharply curtailed r
Read more

11th century parish church of St Leonard Hythe, Kent

-
st. leonard s church shelf containing skulls in ambulatory below chancel, commonly inaccurately described crypt. the large 11th century church hill; tower @ eastern end destroyed earth tremor in 1739 , restored in 1750. chancel, 1220, covers processional ossuary (a bone store, more commonly found on continent) lined 2,000 skulls , 8,000 thigh bones. date medieval period, having been stored after removal, make way new graves. common in england, bones dispersed, , rare collection. several of skulls show marks of trepanning. 1 of 2 surviving ossuaries in england; other in holy trinity church in rothwell, northamptonshire. other curiosities worth looking for. on pillars on south side of nave medieval graffiti depicting ships. vestry door, on north side of nave, unlocked; open see fine norman doorway. has been suggested this, in late medieval times apparently on outer wall of church, once internal wall, earlier norman church stage higher hill. make existing chapel of st edmund (or north tra
Read more