Maimonides.27 13 principles of faith Jewish principles of faith

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-maimonides [see birnbaum @ p. 157]

rabbi moses ben maimon, better known maimonides or rambam (1135–1204 ce), lived @ time when both christianity , islam developing active theologies. jewish scholars asked attest faith counterparts in other religions. rambam s 13 principles of faith formulated in commentary on mishnah (tractate sanhedrin, chapter 10). 1 of several efforts jewish theologians in middle ages create such list. time of maimonides, centers of jewish learning , law dispersed geographically. judaism no longer had central authority might bestow official approval on principles of faith.


maimonides 13 principles controversial when first proposed, evoking criticism crescas , joseph albo. evoked criticism minimizing acceptance of entire torah (rabbi s. of montpelier, yad rama, y. alfacher, rosh amanah). 13 principles ignored of jewish community next few centuries. (dogma in medieval jewish thought, menachem kellner). on time 2 poetic restatements of these principles (ani ma amin , yigdal) became canonized in jewish prayerbook. eventually, maimonides 13 principles of faith became accepted statement of belief.


importantly, maimonides, while enumerating above, added following caveat there no difference between [the biblical statement] wife mehithabel [genesis 10,6] on 1 hand [i.e. unimportant verse], , hear, o israel on other [i.e. important verse]... denies such verses thereby denies god , shows contempt teachings more other skeptic, because holds torah can divided essential , non-essential parts... uniqueness of 13 fundamental beliefs rejection out of ignorance placed 1 outside judaism, whereas rejection of rest of torah must conscious act stamp 1 unbeliever. others, such rabbi joseph albo , raavad, criticized maimonides list containing items that, while true, in opinion did not place rejected them out of ignorance in category of heretic. many others criticized such formulation minimizing acceptance of entire torah. noted, however, neither maimonides nor contemporaries viewed these principles encompassing of jewish belief, rather core theological underpinnings of acceptance of judaism.


some modern orthodox scholars have pointed out apparent inconsistencies in maimonides s writings respect 13 principles of faith.








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