Interactions with humans Synanthedon myopaeformis

1 interactions humans

1.1 pest status
1.2 attempted control methods

1.2.1 pheromone disruption
1.2.2 pheromone traps
1.2.3 other chemical lures
1.2.4 other species
1.2.5 trunk coatings

interactions humans
pest status

on bud

native europe, asia, , northern africa, released in canada , united states, s. myopaeformis has been recognized significant threat apple trees in these regions. because larvae bore holes , tunnels under , through bark of host trees, presence of species harmful health , production of these trees. previously, damage caused s. myopaeformis associated old, damaged, or otherwise sick apple trees because lack of integrity of bark allows larvae easier access inner layers of trunk , branches. however, potential harm healthy apple trees recognized. because of this, many methods have been tested controlling proliferation of moth.

attempted control methods
pheromone disruption

one method of reproduction control involves release of s. myopaeformissex sex pheromone orchards infested species. technique, mating disruption, leads dampened male response female sex hormones, disrupting mating process. result of overabundance of pheromones, percentage of mated females decreases relative unmated females.

pheromone traps

many research studies have used pheromone traps monitor population of s. myopaformis. traps enable monitoring of infestations when population low, , effective reference determine best time apply pest-controlling measures or plant growth regulators.

other chemical lures

other methods of control focus on luring , trapping adults. hungarian study found both male , female red-belted clearwings attracted combination of pear ester , acetic acid. because many pheromone-based traps attract more males females, method suggested female-targeted trapping.

other species

each of species mentioned above in “enemies” section have been used control populations. these include nematodes, fungi, , bacteria.

trunk coatings

diverse materials have been used coat bark of apple trees in attempt kill s. myopaeformis eggs , larvae. in 2010, effectiveness of cotton seed oil, lime, , motor oil tested in decreasing number of adults , pupae. 3 materials reduced number of adult moths during second year, oils showed greatest effect.