Prevention and treatment Virus

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vaccination cheap , effective way of preventing infections viruses. vaccines used prevent viral infections long before discovery of actual viruses. use has resulted in dramatic decline in morbidity (illness) , mortality (death) associated viral infections such polio, measles, mumps , rubella. smallpox infections have been eradicated. vaccines available prevent on thirteen viral infections of humans, , more used prevent viral infections of animals. vaccines can consist of live-attenuated or killed viruses, or viral proteins (antigens). live vaccines contain weakened forms of virus, not cause disease but, nonetheless, confer immunity. such viruses called attenuated. live vaccines can dangerous when given people weak immunity (who described immunocompromised), because in these people, weakened virus can cause original disease. biotechnology , genetic engineering techniques used produce subunit vaccines. these vaccines use capsid proteins of virus. hepatitis b vaccine example of type of vaccine. subunit vaccines safe immunocompromised patients because cannot cause disease. yellow fever virus vaccine, live-attenuated strain called 17d, safest , effective vaccine ever generated.


antiviral drugs

the structure of dna base guanosine , antiviral drug acyclovir


antiviral drugs nucleoside analogues (fake dna building-blocks), viruses mistakenly incorporate genomes during replication. life-cycle of virus halted because newly synthesised dna inactive. because these analogues lack hydroxyl groups, which, along phosphorus atoms, link form strong backbone of dna molecule. called dna chain termination. examples of nucleoside analogues aciclovir herpes simplex virus infections , lamivudine hiv , hepatitis b virus infections. aciclovir 1 of oldest , prescribed antiviral drugs. other antiviral drugs in use target different stages of viral life cycle. hiv dependent on proteolytic enzyme called hiv-1 protease become infectious. there large class of drugs called protease inhibitors inactivate enzyme.


hepatitis c caused rna virus. in 80% of people infected, disease chronic, , without treatment, infected remainder of lives. however, there effective treatment uses nucleoside analogue drug ribavirin combined interferon. treatment of chronic carriers of hepatitis b virus using similar strategy using lamivudine has been developed.








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