Synthesis Ribonucleotide

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the synthesis of imp. color scheme follows: enzymes, coenzymes, substrate names, metal ions, inorganic molecules



de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides complex, consisting of several enzymatic reactions. utilizing five-ring sugar structure base, purine ring built few atoms @ time in eleven-step process leads formation of inosinate (imp). essentially, imp converted purine nucleotides required nucleic acid synthesis.


the pathway begins conversion of ribose-5-phosphate(r5p) phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (prpp) enzyme ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase (prps1). prpp converted 5-phosphoribosylamine (5-pra) glutamine donates amino group c-1 of prpp. in condensation reaction, enzyme gar synthetase, along glycine , atp, activates glycine carboxylase group of 5-pra form glycinamide ribonucleotide (gar). co-enzyme n10-formyl-thf, along enzyme gar transformylase, donates one-carbon unit amino group onto glycine of gar, followed glutamine addition enzyme fgar amidotransferase, leading formation of formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (fgam). dehydration of fgam enzyme fgam cyclase results in closure of imidazole ring, 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (air). carboxyl group attached air n5-cair synthetase form n5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (n5-cair), converted carboxyamino-imidazole ribonucleotide (cair) enzyme n5-cair mutase. enzyme saicar synthetase, along amino group aspartate forms amide bond create n-succinyl-5-aminoimidazale-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (saicar). continuing down pathway, removal of carbon skeleton of aspartate saicar lyase results in 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (aicar). enzyme aicar transformylase assists in final carbon transfer n10-formyltetrahydrofolate, forming n-formylaminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (faicar). lastly, closure of second ring structure carried out imp synthase form imp, imp fate lead formation of purine nucleotide.



pyrimidine de novo pathway


synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides simpler process. formation of pyrimidine ring begins conversion of aspartate n-carbamoylaspartate undergoing condensation reaction carbamoyl phosphate. dihydroorotase , dihydroorotase dehydrogenase converts n-carbamoylaspartate orotate. orotate covalently linked phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (prpp) orotate phosphoribysol-transferase yielding orotidine monophosphate (omp). omp follows decarboxylation orotidylate decarboxylase uridylate (ump) ribonucleotide structure. ump can converted uridine-5’-trisphosphate (utp) 2 kinases reaction. formation of cytidine-5’-trisphosphate (ctp) utp can achieved cytidylate synthetase acyl phosphate intermediate.








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