1956 Revolution History of Hungary

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a soviet tank attempts clear road barricade in budapest, october 1956.


on 23 october 1956, peaceful student demonstration in budapest produced list of 16 demands of hungarians revolutionaries reform , greater political freedom. students attempted broadcast these demands, state protection authority made arrests , tried disperse crowd tear gas. when students attempted free arrested, police opened fire on crowd, setting off chain of events led hungarian revolution of 1956.


that night, commissioned officers , soldiers joined students on streets of budapest. stalin s statue brought down , protesters chanted russians go home , away gerő , long live nagy . central committee of hungarian working people s party responded these developments requesting soviet military intervention , deciding imre nagy should become head of new government. soviet tanks entered budapest @ 2 a.m. on 24 october.


on 25 october, soviet tanks opened fire on protesters in parliament square. 1 journalist @ scene saw 12 dead bodies , estimated 170 had been wounded. shocked these events, central committee of hungarian working people s party forced ernő gerő resign office , replaced him jános kádár.


imre nagy went on radio kossuth , announced had taken on leadership of government chairman of council of ministers . promised far-reaching democratization of hungarian public life, realization of hungarian road socialism in accord our own national characteristics, , realization of our lofty national aim: radical improvement of workers living conditions .


on 28 october, nagy , group of supporters, including jános kádár, géza losonczy, antal apró, károly kiss, ferenc münnich , zoltán szabó, managed take control of hungarian working people s party. @ same time, revolutionary workers councils , local national committees formed on hungary.


the change of leadership in party reflected in articles of government newspaper szabad nép ( free people ). on 29 october newspaper welcomed new government , openly criticized soviet attempts influence political situation in hungary. view supported radio miskolc, called immediate withdrawal of soviet troops country.


on 30 october, imre nagy announced freeing cardinal józsef mindszenty , other political prisoners. informed people government intends abolish one-party state. followed statements of zoltán tildy, anna kéthly , ferenc farkas concerning restitution of smallholders party, social democratic party , petőfi (former peasants) party.


nagy s controversial decision took place on 1 november, when announced hungary intended withdraw warsaw pact proclaiming hungarian neutrality. asked united nations become involved in country s dispute soviet union.


on 3 november, nagy announced details of coalition government. included communists (jános kádár, georg lukács, géza losonczy), 3 members of smallholders party (zoltán tildy, béla kovács , istván szabó), 3 social democrats (anna kéthly, gyula keleman, joseph fischer), , 2 petőfi peasants (istván bibó , ferenc farkas). pál maléter appointed minister of defence.


nikita khrushchev, leader of soviet union, became increasingly concerned these developments , on 4 november 1956 sent red army hungary. soviet tanks captured hungary s airfields, highway junctions , bridges. fighting took place on country, hungarian forces defeated.


during hungarian uprising, estimated 20,000 people killed, during soviet intervention. imre nagy arrested , replaced soviet loyalist jános kádár. nagy imprisoned until execution in 1958. other government ministers or supporters either executed or died in captivity included pál maléter, géza losonczy, attila szigethy , miklós gimes.







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