Implementation Natural gas vehicle

1 implementation

1.1 overview
1.2 europe

1.2.1 germany
1.2.2 greece
1.2.3 ireland
1.2.4 italy
1.2.5 ukraine
1.2.6 united kingdom


1.3 north america

1.3.1 canada
1.3.2 united states
1.3.3 mexico


1.4 south america

1.4.1 overview
1.4.2 latest developments


1.5 south asia

1.5.1 pakistan
1.5.2 india
1.5.3 iran


1.6 southeast asia

1.6.1 thailand
1.6.2 malaysia
1.6.3 singapore
1.6.4 indonesia


1.7 east asia

1.7.1 china
1.7.2 south korea
1.7.3 motorsport

implementation


overview

natural gas vehicles popular in regions or countries natural gas abundant , government chooses price cng lower gasoline. use of natural gas began in po river valley of italy in 1930s, followed new zealand in 1980s, though use has declined there. @ peak of new zealand s natural gas use, 10% of nation s cars converted, around 110,000 vehicles. in united states cng powered buses favorite choice of several public transit agencies, fleet of more 114,000 vehicles, buses. india, australia, argentina, , germany have widespread use of natural gas-powered buses in public transportation fleets.

europe

cng-powered bus in italy



cng-powered buses in horlivka, eastern ukraine


germany

germany hit milestone of 900 cng filling stations nationwide in december 2011. gibgas, independent consumer group, estimates 21% of cng filling stations in country offer natural gas/biomethane mix varying ratios, , 38 stations offer pure biomethane.

greece

greece uses natural gas buses public transport in athens.

ireland

bus Éireann introduced first ngv on 17 july 2012. operate on 216 city centre mount oval, rochestown, route until mid-august on trial being undertaken in partnership ervia. eco-city bus made man.

italy

natural gas traction quite popular in italy, due existence of capillar distribution network industrial use since late 50s , traditionally high retail price petrol. of april 2012 there 1173 filling stations, located in northern regions, while fleet reached 730,000 cng vehicles @ end of 2010.

ukraine

ukraine’s first compressed natural gas refueling station (cngs) commissioned in 1937. today, there well-developed cngs network across country. many buses converted run on cng during 1990s, economic reasons. retrofitted cylinders visible atop vehicle s roof and/or underneath body. despite age, these buses remain in service , continue provide reliable public transport combined environmental benefits of cng.

united kingdom

cng buses beginning used in uk, e.g. reading buses.

north america

with recent increase in natural gas production due widespread use of fracking technology, many countries, including united states , canada, can self-sufficient. canada substantial net exporter of natural gas, though united states still has net import of natural gas. natural gas prices have decreased dramatically in past few years , decrease further additional production comes on line. however, eia predicts natural gas prices start increasing in few years profitable natural gas reserves used up. natural gas prices have decreased $13 per mmbtu (usd) in 2008 $3 per mmbtu (usd) in 2012. therefore natural gas-powered vehicles increasingly cheaper run relative gasoline-powered vehicles. issue how finance purchase , installation of conversion kits. support may available through department of energy. private initiatives lease conversion equipment in exchange higher natural gas refueling can self-financing , offer considerable advantages liquidity strapped consumers.

canada

cng-powered bus in hamilton, ontario

natural gas has been used motor fuel in canada on 20 years. assistance federal , provincial research programs, demonstration projects, , ngv market deployment programs during 1980s , 1990s, population of light-duty ngvs grew on 35,000 1990s. assistance resulted in significant adoption of natural gas transit buses well. ngv market started decline after 1995, reaching today’s vehicle population of 12,000.

this figure includes 150 urban transit buses, 45 school buses, 9,450 light-duty cars , trucks, , 2,400 forklifts , ice-resurfacers. total fuel use in ngv markets in canada 1.9 petajoules (pjs) in 2007 (or 54.6 million litres of gasoline litres equivalent), down 2.6 pjs in 1997. public cng refuelling stations have declined in quantity 134 in 1997 72 today. there 22 in british columbia, 12 in alberta, 10 in saskatchewan, 27 in ontario, , 1 in québec. there 12 private fleet stations.

united states

buses powered cng common in united states

as of december 2009, u.s. had fleet of 114,270 compressed natural gas (cng) vehicles, 147,030 vehicles running on liquefied petroleum gas (lpg), , 3,176 vehicles running on liquefied natural gas (lng). ngv fleet made of transit buses there government fleet cars , vans, increasing number of corporate trucks replacing diesel versions, notably waste management, inc , ups trucks. of 12-dec-2013 waste management has fleet of 2000 cng collection trucks; of 12-dec-2013 ups has 2700 alternative fuel vehicles. of february 2011, there 873 cng refueling sites, 2,589 lpg sites, , 40 lng sites, led california 215 cng refueling stations in operation, 228 lpg sites , 32 lng sites. number of refueling stations includes both public , private sites, , not available public. of december 2010, u.s. ranked 6th in world in terms of number of ngv stations. there 160,000 ngvs operating in country.

mexico

the natural gas vehicle market limited fleet vehicles , other public use vehicles minibuses in larger cities. state-owned bus company rtp of mexico city has purchased 30 hyundai super aero city cng-propelled buses integrate existing fleet introduce new routes within city.

cng pumps @ brazilian gasoline service station, paraná state.



popular among taxi drivers, brazilian fiat siena tetrafuel 1.4, multifuel car runs flexible-fuel on pure gasoline, or e20-e25 blend, or pure ethanol (e100); or runs bi-fuel natural gas (cng). below: cng storage tanks in trunk.


south america
overview

cng vehicles common in south america, 35% share of worldwide ngv fleet, these vehicles used taxicabs in main cities of argentina , brazil. normally, standard gasoline vehicles retrofitted in specialized shops, involve installing gas cylinder in trunk , cng injection system , electronics.

as of 2009 argentina had 1,807,186 ngv s 1,851 refueling stations across nation, or 15% of vehicles; , brazil had 1,632,101 vehicles , 1,704 refueling stations, higher concentration in cities of rio de janeiro , são paulo.

colombia had ngv fleet of 300,000 vehicles, , 460 refueling stations of 2009. bolivia has increased fleet 10,000 in 2003 121,908 units in 2009, 128 refueling stations.

peru had 81,024 ngvs , 94 fueling stations 2009,. in peru, several factory-built cnvs have tanks installed under body of vehicle, leaving trunk free. among models built feature fiat multipla, new fiat panda, volkswagen touran ecofuel, volkswagen caddy ecofuel, , chevy taxi. right now, peru has 224,035 ngvs.

other countries significant ngv fleets venezuela (226,100) of 2017 , chile (15,000) of 2017.

latest developments

gm brasil introduced multipower engine in august 2004 capable of using cng, alcohol , gasoline fuel. gm engine has electronic fuel injection automatically adjusts acceptable fuel configuration. motor used in chevrolet astra , aimed @ taxi market.

in 2006 brazilian subsidiary of fiat introduced fiat siena tetra fuel, four-fuel car developed under magneti marelli of fiat brazil. automobile can run on 100% ethanol (e100), e20 e25 blend (brazil s normal ethanol gasoline blend), pure gasoline (not available in brazil), , natural gas, , switches gasoline-ethanol blend cng automatically, depending on power required road conditions.

since 2003 , commercial success of flex cars in brazil, existing option retrofit ethanol flexible-fuel vehicle add natural gas tank , corresponding injection system. taxicabs in são paulo , rio de janeiro, brazil, run on option, allowing user choose among 3 fuels (e25, e100 , cng) according current market prices @ pump. vehicles adaptation known in brazil tri-fuel cars.

south asia
pakistan

pakistan country second largest fleet of ngv total of 2.85 million end of 2011. of public transportation fleet has been converted cng. also, in pakistan , india, there have been on-going (last several years now) series of cng fuel shortages periodically waxes , wanes, getting fuel tank can major problem. in july 2011, petrol usage shot 15% month before due shortages. pakistan has reported on 2,000 people have died in 2011 cng cylinder blasts, because of low quality of cylinders there. in 2012, pakistani government took decision gradually phase out cng sector altogether beginning banning new conversions cng , banning manufacturing of new ngv s. in addition government plans close down refueling stations in next 3 years.

india

a cng powered car being filled in filling station in delhi

in 1993, cng had become available in delhi, india s capital, though lpg took off due inherently far lower capital costs. compressed natural gas domestic energy produced in western parts of india. in india, cng vehicles dual fueled, means can run both on cng , gasoline. makes convenient , users can drive long distances without worrying availability of natural gas (as long gasoline available). of december 2010 india had 1,080,000 ngvs , 560 fueling stations, many of older ones being lpg rather cng. in addition, thought more illegally converted lpg autos legal ones ply streets in india, estimates high 15 million autos (running gamut of lpg motored pedal bicycles cng buses)

in 1995, lawyer filed case supreme court of india under public interest litigation rule, part of constitution of india , enables citizen address directly supreme court. lawyer’s case health risks caused air pollution emitted road vehicles. supreme court decided cars put circulation after 1995 have run on unleaded fuel. 1998, india converted 100% of unleaded fuel after government ruled diesel cars in india restricted 10,000 ppm after 1995. @ beginning of 2005, 10,300 cng busses, 55,000 cng three-wheelers taxis, 5,000 cng minibuses, 10,000 cng taxis , 10,000 cng cars run on india’s roads (1982-2008 product-life institute, geneva). delhi transport corporation operates world s largest fleet of cng buses public transport. india stands 3rd 3.045 million ngvs.

iran

by end of 2015, iran had world s largest fleet of ngv @ 3.5 million vehicles. share of compressed natural gas in national fuel basket more 23%. cng consumption iran’s transportation sector around 20 million cubic meters per day. there 2,335 cng stations. growth of ngv market in iran has in large part been due iranian government intervention decrease society s dependence on gasoline. governmental plan implemented reduce effect of sanctions on iran , make nation s domestic market less dependent on imported gasoline. iran has been manufacturing own ngv s through local manufacturing using dedicated cng engines use gasoline fuel. 2012, iranian manufacturers had capacity build 1.5 million cng cylinders per year , therefore iranian government has banned imports support local manufacturers. in addition cng in iran costs least compared rest of world. in 2012, iranian government announced plan replace traditional cng cylinders adsorbed natural gas (ang) cylinders.

southeast asia


a cng powered hino ru1jssl bus, operated bmta in thailand.


thailand

thailand has on 15 years run autogas taxi cabs in bangkok, though autos , buses had erroneously labelled ngv stickers on them, when in fact, lpg fuelled.

in view of generous supply of natural gas relying on imported oil, thailand government heavily promoted alternative fuels lpg, natural gas , ethanol replace gasoline beginning around 2003, yet ngv slow take off due cheaper lpg fuel, pre-existing lpg fleet, , low conversion cost of local lpg conversion shops compared factory installed cng or conversion. significant effort taken when state-controlled oil company ptt pcl built network of natural gas refueling stations. cost of subsidy estimated @ us$150 million in 2008.

as price of oil climbed rapidly, estimated more 40,000 new cars , trucks powered natural-gas purchased in 6 months in 2008, including many buses. year, half of taxi fleet in bangkok used lpg, , prodded convert cng, little success. since 2008, there has been government arm-twisting switch lpg cng, rollout of cng stations near bangkok around 2007 , upcountry in 2010, @ times replacing lpg stations. operators of used vehicles have balked @ massive conversion cost (up quadruple of lpg in thailand), given thailand s strong ultra-competitive domestic lpg conversion industry, retail cng fuel cost (one , half times). thailand had 700,000 lpg fueled vehicles, , 300,000 cng fueled, 1,000 lpg stations , 600 cng of 2011. demand has increased 26% on 2011 cng in thailand. of end of 2012, thailand has 1,014,000 lpg fueled vehicles, , consumed 606,000 tonnes in 2012 of lpg, while 483 stations serve 380,000 cng vehicles., showing lpg conversion continues enjoy heavy favor on ngvs despite massive government push cng. cng vehicles more bought factory installed while lpg aftermarket conversion. lng vehicles in thailand non-existent except lorries.

ngv proton iswara taxi in malaysia


malaysia

in malaysia, use of compressed natural gas introduced taxicabs , airport limousines during late-1990s, when new taxis launched ngv engines while taxicab operators encouraged send in existing taxis full engine conversions, reducing costs of operation. vehicle converted use cng labelled white rhombus ngv (natural gas vehicle) tags, lending common use of ngv when referring road vehicles cng engine. practice of using cng remained largely confined taxicabs predominantly in klang valley , penang due lack of interest. no incentives offered besides taxicab owners use cng engines, while government subsidies on petrol , diesel made conventional road vehicles cheaper use in eyes of consumers. petronas, malaysia s state-owned oil company, monopolises provision of cng road users. of july 2008, petronas operates 150 cng refueling stations, of concentrated in klang valley. @ same time, 50 expected end of 2008.

as fuel subsidies gradually removed in malaysia starting june 5, 2008, subsequent 41% price hike on petrol , diesel led 500% increase in number of new cng tanks installed. national car maker proton considered fitting waja, saga , persona models cng kits prins autogassystemen end of 2008, while local distributor of locally assembled hyundai cars offers new models cng kits. conversion centres, benefited rush lower running costs, perform partial conversions existing road vehicles, allowing them run on both petrol or diesel , cng cost varying between rm3,500 rm5,000 passenger cars.

a cng powered volvo b10ble bus, operated sbs transit in singapore.


singapore

there 400 cng-fueled vehicles in singapore in mid-2007, of 110 taxis operated smart automobile. february 2008, number has risen 520 cng vehicles, of half taxis. vehicles had refuel @ sole cng station operated sembcorp gas , located on jurong island until opening of first publicly accessible cng station @ mandai in 2008, operated smart automobile. company plans build 4 stations 2011, time company projects operate 3,000 4,000 cng taxis, , 10,000 cng public , commercial vehicles of other types on singapore s roads. sembcorp gas opened second cng station week after mandai station @ jalan buroh.

indonesia

cng unheard of transport fuel before 2010 in archipelago except in jakarta, relatively minor number of vehicles, notably transjakarta buses, use fuel. however, since 2010 there has been government emphasis push usage of cng not vehicle fuel, domestic consumption on wood burning (which can produce deadly methanol) , kerosene.

east asia
china

china had 450,000 ngv s , 870 refueling stations of 2009. china in 2012 has 1 million ngvs on roads, 3 million forecast 2015, on 2000 stations (both cng , lpg), plans 12,000 2020. china leads world 5 million ngvs china has lot of vehicles running of petrol blended methanol m15 , m85.

south korea

for purpose of improving air quality in metropolitan area of seoul, cng buses first introduced in july, 1997. 2014, seoul buses operating on cng. hyundai motor developed cng hybrid bus 34.5% more-fuel efficiency , 30% lower pollution compared cng buses. result, seoul city government plans change cng hybrid buses 2,235 low-bed disabled-friendly cng bus in seoul.

cng buses operation in other major south korean cities busan, daegu, daejeon, gwangju , incheon.

motorsport

a new category of motorcar racing unites teams compete cars powered natural gas, demonstrate effectiveness of natural gas alternative fuel. ecomotori (magazine) racing team magazine s team participates in fia alternative energies cup , talian aci/csai alternative energies championship. in 2012, team, led nicola ventura, competes fiat 500 abarth, modified run on natural gas cavagna/bigas fuel conversion kit , renamed 500 ecoabarth . driver massimo liverani while in role of navigator, alternate valeria strada, alessandro talmelli , fulvio ciervo. on october 14, 2012, @ end of 7th ecorally san marino-vatican 3 wins , second place (out of 4 races), team won italian csai alternative energy pilots , navigators titles. on 28 october 2012, after having raced in 7 european countries, collecting 3 wins, 2 second places , additional points, team won fia alternative energies drivers , constructors world titles. first time ever, car powered methane won fia world title. in 2013, team raced in fia alternative energies cup , csai championships. 500 ecoabarth of ecomotori.net dominated season, winning 5 of 5 titles. work of team, abarth once again won constructors title since last win 46 years ago.