Tactics Impi

-




the buffalo horns formation of zulu army. parts 1–4 above: 1 enemy , 2 horns , 3 chest , 4 loins


the zulu typically took offensive, deploying in well-known buffalo horns formation (zulu: impondo zenkomo). comprised 3 elements:



encirclement tactics not unique in warfare, , historians note attempts surround enemy not unknown in ritualised battles. use of separate manoeuvre elements support stronger central group known in pre-mechanised tribal warfare, use of reserve echelons farther back. unique zulu degree of organisation, consistency used these tactics, , speed @ executed them. developments , refinements may have taken place after shaka s death, witnessed use of larger groupings of regiments zulu against british in 1879. missions, available manpower , enemies varied, whether facing native spear, or european bullet, impis fought in , adhered classical buffalo horns pattern.







Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Expenses controversy Ian Gibson (politician)

-
in may 2009, gibson became embroiled in mps expenses scandal detailed daily telegraph, reported claimed flat in daughter lived rent-free before selling half market value. subsequently, barred standing in next general election disciplinary panel of labour party. believing after panel s decision position untenable , resigned mp (by traditional procedural device of becoming crown steward , bailiff of 3 chiltern hundreds of stoke, desborough , burnham), thereby forcing by-election. resultant by-election won chloe smith, conservative party candidate, majority of 7,348, reversing previous labour majority of 5,459.
Read more

Candidates Collins-class submarine replacement project

-
a german designed type 214 submarine @ hdw building yard in kiel, 2008. evolved type 214 1 of options under consideration replacement program. in 2009 defence white paper, replacement submarines outlined class of twelve vessels of 4,000 tons displacement, fitted land-attack cruise missiles in addition torpedoes , anti-ship missiles, capable of launching , recovering covert operatives while submerged, , carrying surveillance , intelligence-gathering equipment. submarines fitted united states an/byg-1 combat system. there 4 possible routes sea 1000 project take, in order of increasing design complexity , risk: buy military-off-the-shelf (mots) design without modification develop modified mots design better suit australian service conditions design evolution of collins-class design entirely new submarine designs considered various mots routes included german-designed type 214, japan s sōryū-class, french-designed scorpène class, spanish s-80 class, , evolved collins-class. spanish s-80 cl
Read more

Phonology Okinawan language

-
1 phonology 1.1 vowels 1.2 consonants 1.3 correspondences japanese phonology vowels the okinawan language has 5 vowels, of may long or short, though short vowels /e/ , /o/ considerably rare occur in few native okinawan words heavy syllables pattern /ceɴ/ or /coɴ/, such /meɴsoːɾeː/ mensooree welcome or /toɴɸaː/ tonfaa. close vowels /u/ , /uː/ rounded, rather compressed vowels of standard japanese. sixth vowel /ɨ/ posited in order explain why sequences containing historically raised /e/ fail trigger palatalization /i/: */te/ → /tɨː/ tii hand , */ti/ → /t͡ɕiː/ chii blood . acoustically, however, /ɨ/ pronounced no differently /i/, , distinction may because palatalization happened before vowel shift. consonants the okinawan language counts 20 distinctive segments shown in chart below, major allophones presented in parentheses. the consonant can occur syllable coda archiphoneme //n//. many analyses treat additional phoneme /n/, though never contrasts /n/ or /m/. the consonant system of o
Read more