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2009-2013 LGBT history of India

asia s first genderqueer pride parade @ madurai anjali gopalan (july 2012) this law struck down 2009 delhi high court decision naz foundation v. govt. of nct of delhi, found section 377 , other legal prohibitions against same-sex conduct in direct violation of fundamental rights provided indian constitution. decisions of high court on constitutionality of law (i.e. judicial review)apply throughout india, , not territory of state on high court in question has jurisdiction. however, after pronouncement of verdict, there have been (rare) incidents of harassment of homosexual groups. on 16 february 2012, supreme court, during hearing of bunch of appeals filed against decriminalisation of gay sex, observed homosexuality should seen in context of changing society many things earlier unacceptable have become acceptable passage of time. the two-judge bench, composed of justices g s singhvi , s j mukhopadhaya, opined homosexuality should seen in light of changing times phenomena of live-in rela...

Deontological philosophies Deontological ethics

1 deontological philosophies 1.1 kantianism 1.2 moral absolutism 1.3 divine command theory 1.4 contemporary deontology deontological philosophies there numerous formulations of deontological ethics. kantianism immanuel kant immanuel kant s theory of ethics considered deontological several different reasons. first, kant argues act in morally right way, people must act duty (deon). second, kant argued not consequences of actions make them right or wrong motives of person carries out action. kant s argument act in morally right way 1 must act purely duty begins argument highest must both in , without qualification. in when intrinsically good, , without qualification , when addition of thing never makes situation ethically worse. kant argues things thought good, such intelligence, perseverance , pleasure, fail either intrinsically or without qualification. pleasure, example, appears not without qualification, because when people take pleasure in watching suffer, seems make situation eth...

Sovereign states List of sovereign states in 1875

1 sovereign states 1.1 a 1.2 b 1.3 c 1.4 d 1.5 e 1.6 f 1.7 g 1.8 h 1.9 i 1.10 j 1.11 k 1.12 l 1.13 m 1.14 n 1.15 o 1.16 p 1.17 r 1.18 s 1.19 t 1.20 u 1.21 v 1.22 w 1.23 y 1.24 z sovereign states a  andorra – principality of andorra ankole – kingdom of ankole  annam – empire of annam  anziku – anziku kingdom (to 1875)  argentina – argentine republic aro – aro confederacy  ashanti – asante union  austria-hungary – austro-hungarian empire b  baguirmi – kingdom of baguirmi  belgium – kingdom of belgium  benin – benin empire  bhutan – kingdom of bhutan  bolivia – republic of bolivia bora bora – kingdom of bora bora  bornu – bornu empire  brazil – empire of brazil  brunei – sultanate of brunei buganda – kingdom of buganda bunyoro – kingdom of bunyoro-kitara burma – kingdom of burma  burundi – kingdom of burundi c  canada – dominion of canada  cayor – kingdom of cayor  chile – republic of chile ...

Psychology and neurobiology Tabula rasa

psychologists , neurobiologists have shown evidence initially, entire cerebral cortex programmed , organized process sensory input, control motor actions, regulate emotion, , respond reflexively (under predetermined conditions). these programmed mechanisms in brain subsequently act learn , refine ability of organism. example, psychologist steven pinker showed that—in contrast written language—the brain programmed pick spoken language spontaneously. there have been claims minority in psychology , neurobiology, however, brain tabula rasa behaviours. instance, respect 1 s ability acquire both general , special types of knowledge or skills, howe argued against existence of innate talent. there have been neurological investigations specific learning , memory functions, such karl lashley s study on mass action , serial interaction mechanisms. important evidence against tabula rasa model of mind comes behavioural genetics, twin , adoption studies (see below). these indicate strong genetic i...

Breed characteristics Anglo-Norman horse

an anglo-norman of merlerault type, circa 1850 the conformation of anglo-norman reflected multiple influences. 1861, french government attempted standardize of various historic norman horse types adding large amounts of thoroughbred blood. resulting offspring gave rise anglo-norman. however, in spite of these breeding programs, 1909 when author alfred gallier studied anglo-norman, described members of breed hybrids various crosses . distinguished 3 types: trotting horses used harness racing, carriage horses, , military horses. subdivided military type further heavy cavalry, light cavalry, cavalry of line (a specific type used french) , artillery horses. anglo-norman trotters fastest in france, , reputed patient , hard-working. first official trotting races in france took place in 1836, in cherbourg, @ instigation of ephrem houël, officer of national stud. believed trotting races best way select breeding stock producing saddle horses. best of anglo-norman trotting horses emerged betw...

French Revolutionary Wars Friedrich Wilhelm, Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg

in 1792, placed in command of 50,000 austrian forces in upper rhine valley. in august, forces crossed rhine mannheim, , participated in bombardment of thionville, on moselle, in september. although invading forces of allies readily captured longwy on 23 august , marched on verdun, less defensible longwy. duke of brunswick began march on paris , approached defiles of argonne. in combination army of condé , hessian troops, portion of force, 15,000, covered left (southern) flank of prussian advance on valmy. as seasoned , experienced officer, had been chosen mentor young archduke charles, , archduke assigned force; not @ valmy, hear cannonade. duke of brunswick s force engage northern flank of french army, called army of sedan, while hohenlohe-kirchberg s force engaged southern flank (army of metz). grand cross of military order of maria theresa, awarded hohenlohe-kirchberg in 1792 in december 1792, hohenlohe-kirchberg s forces defended trier army of moselle commander, general of divi...

Ecology and behavior Steller's sea cow

illustrations of dentition of steller s sea cow johann christian daniel von schreber whether steller s sea cow had natural predators unknown. may have been hunted killer whales , sharks, though buoyancy may have made difficult killer whales drown, , rocky kelp forests in sea cow lived may have deterred sharks. according steller, adults guarded young predators. steller described ectoparasite on sea cows similar whale louse (cyamus ovalis), parasite remains unidentified due host s extinction , loss of original specimens collected steller. first formally described sirenocyamus rhytinae in 1846 johann friedrich von brandt. species of cyamid amphipod reported inhabiting sirenian. steller identified endoparasite on sea cows, ascarid nematode. like other sirenians, steller s sea cow obligate herbivore , spent of day feeding, lifting head every 4 5 minutes breathing. kelp main food source, making algivore. sea cow fed on several species of kelp, have been identified as: agarum spp., alaria pra...